The Smokeless Tobacco Health Effects

Smokeless tobacco is associated with many health problems. Using smokeless tobacco:

• Can lead to nicotine addiction
• Causes cancer of the mouth, esophagus (the passage that connects the throat to the stomach), and pancreas (a gland that helps with digestion and maintaining proper blood sugar levels)
• Is associated with diseases of the mouth
• Can increase risks for early delivery and stillbirth when used during pregnancy
• Can cause nicotine poisoning in children
• May increase the risk for death from heart disease and stroke

• Smokeless tobacco contains nicotine, which is highly addictive.
• Because young people who use smokeless tobacco can become addicted to nicotine, they may be more likely to also become cigarette smokers.

• Many smokeless tobacco products contain cancer-causing chemicals.
  • The most harmful chemicals are tobacco-specific nitrosamines, which form during the growing, curing, fermenting, and aging of tobacco. The amount of these chemicals varies by product.
  • The higher the levels of these chemicals, the greater the risk for cancer.
  • Other chemicals found in tobacco can also cause cancer. These include:
    • A radioactive element (polonium-210) found in tobacco fertilizer
    • Chemicals formed when tobacco is cured with heat (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons—also known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)
    • Harmful metals (arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel, mercury)

• Smokeless tobacco causes cancer of the mouth, esophagus, and pancreas

• Smokeless tobacco can cause white or gray patches inside the mouth (leukoplakia) that can lead to cancer.
• Smokeless tobacco can cause gum disease, tooth decay, and tooth loss.

• Using smokeless tobacco during pregnancy can increase the risk for early delivery and stillbirth.
• Nicotine in smokeless tobacco products that are used during pregnancy can affect how a baby’s brain develops before birth

• Using smokeless tobacco increases the risk for death from heart disease and stroke.
• Smokeless tobacco can cause nicotine poisoning in children.
• Additional research is needed to examine long-term effects of newer smokeless tobacco products, such as dissolvables and U.S. snus.